Saitin WSL

Kafin amfani da WSL Dashboard, dole ne a kunna kuma a daidaita muhallin WSL 2 da kyau a tsarin Windows ɗinku. Wannan takarda ta kasu kashi uku babba:

1. Kunnawa da Saitin WSL: kammala shigarwa da saitun WSL 2 na asali.
2. Samuwar umarni ba yana nufin shigarwa ya yi nasara ba: bayanin cewa iya gudanar da umarnin wsl ba ya nufin za ku iya shigar da Linux cikin nasara.
3. Binciken gazawar shigarwa: hanyoyin dubawa da gyara idan shigarwa har yanzu ta gaza bayan an gama saitawa.

1. Kunnawa da Saitin WSL

Wannan babin zai jagorance ku cikin muhimman saitunan asali. Bayan kammala wannan babin, karanta Babi na 2 don fahimtar bambanci tsakanin samuwar umarni da nasarar shigarwa; idan har yanzu akwai matsala a shigarwa, duba Babi na 3.

1.1 Duba Bukatun Tsarin

WSL 2 yana da mafi ƙarancin buƙatu kan sigar Windows. Danna Win + R, shigar da winver don duba sigar ku:

• Windows 10: sigar 1903 ko mafi girma, kuma lambar ginawa (Build) dole ta kasance 18362 ko mafi girma.
• Windows 11: duk sigar suna da tallafi.

IMPORTANT

Idan sigarku ta yi ƙanƙanta, fara haɓaka tsarin ku ta "Windows Update" tukuna.

1.2 Kunna Kama-da-Wane Hardware

WSL 2 yana aiki bisa fasahar kama-da-wane, don haka dole ne a kunna Fasahar Kama-da-wane (Virtualization Technology) a BIOS/UEFI na uwar garken.

• Hanyar dubawa: buɗe "Task Manager" -> shafin "Performance" -> "CPU".
• Duba matsayi: tabbatar da matsayin "Virtualization" a kusurwar dama ƙasa ya nuna "Enabled".
• Hanyar kunnawa: idan ba a kunna ba, kuna buƙatar sake kunna kwamfuta, shiga saitunan BIOS/UEFI, nemo zaɓi kamar Intel VT-x ko AMD-V sannan saita shi zuwa Enabled.

1.3 Kunna Ayyukan Windows da suka Dace

Kuna buƙatar kunna ayyukan "Tsarin Windows na Linux" da "Platform na Injin Kama-da-wane".

Hanya A: ta ƙirar hoto (da aka ba da shawara)

1. Danna Win + S, nemo kuma buɗe "Kunna ko Kashe Ayyukan Windows".
2. Ɗora alamar waɗannan biyu:
   • Tsarin Windows na Linux (Windows Subsystem for Linux)
   • Platform na Injin Kama-da-wane (Virtual Machine Platform)
3. Danna "OK", kuma lokacin da aka ba da umarni, sake kunna kwamfuta.

Hanya B: ta layin umarni (izinin admin)

Gudanar da PowerShell a matsayin admin kuma aiwatar da waɗannan umarnin:

# Kunna WSL
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart

# Kunna platform na injin kama-da-wane
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

Bayan kammala, sake kunna kwamfuta da hannu.

1.4 Shigar/Sabunta Kernel ɗin WSL

Sabbin sigar Windows na iya samun sabuntawar WSL ta Microsoft Store.

• Adireshin zazzagewa: Microsoft Store - Windows Subsystem for Linux
• Zazzagewa da hannu: idan ba za ku iya amfani da kantin ba, kuna iya zazzage fakitin .msixbundle ko .msi mafi sabo daga WSL GitHub Releases don shigarwa ba tare da layi ba.

1.5 Saita WSL 2 a Matsayin Sigar Asali

Don tabbatar da cewa sabbin rarrabuwa suna amfani da WSL 2 ta asali, aiwatar da a cikin terminal:

wsl --set-default-version 2

1.6 Tambayoyi Akai-Akai

• Kuskure 0x80370102: yawanci yana nufin ba a kunna kama-da-wane a BIOS ba, ko kuma akwai rikici da Hyper-V.
• Canji tsakanin WSL 1 da WSL 2: kuna iya amfani da wsl --set-version <sunan rarraba> 2 don haɓaka misalin WSL 1 da ke akwai zuwa WSL 2.

2. Samuwar Umarni Ba Yana Nufin Shigarwa Ya Yi Nasarar Ba

Yadda umarnin kamar wsl --version da wsl -l -v ke gudana da kyau, ba ya nufin yanayin shigar Linux ya cika ba. Su biyun matakai daban-daban ne, ba za a iya daidaita su ba.

Samuwar umarni yana nufin kawai:

• ✅ Abubuwan WSL a Windows an kunna/shigar su
• ✅ Kayan aikin layin umarni wsl.exe yana samuwa
• ✅ Tsarin yana gane umarnin da suka shafi WSL

Amma don shigar da rarraba Linux cikin nasara, akwai ƙarin buƙatu. Abubuwan da aka saba waƙa:

1. Kama-da-wane an kashe shi: ba a kunna VT-x / AMD-V a BIOS/UEFI ba, WSL 2 ba zai iya farawa ba, ko kuma yana ba da rahoton kuskuren kama-da-wane a lokacin shigar da rarraba (hanyar dubawa: 1.2 Kunna Kama-da-wane Hardware).
2. Sigar/lambar ginawa ta Windows ta yi ƙanƙanta: WSL 2 yana da buƙatu kan kernel da sigar; sigar gida ko tsohuwar hoton kamfani mai yiwuwa ba su da cikakkun ayyuka (hanyar dubawa: 1.1 Duba Bukatun Tsarin).
3. Ba a shigar da rarraba Linux na gaske ba tukuna: wsl -l -v yana jera rarrabuwar da aka shigar kawai; idan ba a shigar komai ba, jeri zai zama wofi, wanda ba ya nufin za ku iya gudanar da Ubuntu kai tsaye ba.
4. Matsalar cibiyar sadarwa / Microsoft Store: wsl --install -d <rarraba> yana buƙatar ɗaukar hoto daga kantin ko cibiyar sadarwa; cibiyar sadarwar kamfani, wakili, ko katangar wuta na iya toshe shi.
5. Rashin isassun izini: shigar da rarrabuwa ko canza saitunan WSL yana buƙatar izinin admin.

TIP

A taƙaice: umarnin WSL na aiki ≠ Linux ya shirya, kuna da "tikitin shiga" ne kawai, ba a shigar da tsarin na gaske ba tukuna.

3. Binciken Gazawar Shigarwa

Idan bayan kun gama saitawa bisa Babi na 1 (ko kuna tsammanin kun gama), wsl --install har yanzu yana gazawa, duba bisa wannan tsari.

3.1 Fara da "Dubawa da Dannawa ɗaya"

Gudanar da PowerShell a matsayin admin, aiwatar da jere:

wsl --install --no-distribution
wsl --set-default-version 2

• ✅ Idan duka waɗannan umarnin biyu suka gudana lafiya, zaɓaɓɓun abubuwan WSL an kunna su, yanayin kama-da-wane ya cika a asali.
• ❌ Idan suka gaza, za a nuna maka abin da ya ɓace kai tsaye (kamar platform na injin kama-da-wane, Hyper-V, kama-da-wane na BIOS da sauransu).

Sannan aiwatar da systeminfo, kuma a cikin fitarwa tabbatar da cewa Virtualization Enabled In Firmware: Yes ya bayyana. Idan babu kuskure, za ku iya gudanar da wsl --install don shigar da rarraba cikin kwanciyar hankali.

NOTE

Babu wani umarni da zai iya tabbatar da nasarar wsl --install 100%, amma duba na sama zai iya tabbatar da ko yanayin shigarwa ya cika.

3.2 Jerin Dubawa da Hannu

Idan "dubawa da dannawa ɗaya" har yanzu ba ta iya gano matsala ba, duba kowane abu:

1. Duba ko an kunna kama-da-wane na BIOS/firmware: aiwatar da systeminfo a PowerShell na admin; dole ne a ga Virtualization Enabled In Firmware: Yes a cikin fitarwa.
2. Duba ko an kunna ayyukan Windows:

   Get-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux
   Get-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName VirtualMachinePlatform

   Matsayin duka umarnin biyu dole ya zama Enabled.
3. Duba ko WSL yana samuwa: wsl --version ya kamata ya ba da fitarwa mai kyau; idan ya ce umarnin ba ya wanzu, abubuwan WSL ba a shigar su ba, koma Babi na 1.
4. Duba ko WSL 2 yana aiki (kernel & platform na injin kama-da-wane): wsl --set-default-version 2 ya kamata ya dawo cikin nasara. Abubuwan da suka sa gaza: ba a kunna platform na injin kama-da-wane ba, ko kuma ba a kunna VT-x / AMD-V a BIOS ba.

3.3 Duba Sauri Kan Abubuwan Da Suka Sa Gaza

Yanayi	Bayani	Hanyar Magani
Ba a kunna kama-da-wane a BIOS ba	Tabbas zai gaza	Sake kunna, shiga BIOS kunna VT-x / AMD-V (duba 1.2)
Windows 10 ƙasa da 19041	Ba ya goyon bayan wsl --install	Haɓaka tsarin (duba 1.1)
An kashe Hyper-V / kama-da-wane a muhallin kamfani	Mai yiwuwa ya gaza	Tuntuɓi admin na tsarin
Tsohuwar sigar gida	Ana buƙatar shigarwa da hannu	Shigar da kernel ɗin WSL da hannu bisa 1.4

3.4 Kuskure 0xc03a0014: Ba a sami mai ba da tallafin diskin kama-da-wane ba

Sakon kuskure shi ne Cannot find a virtual disk support provider for the specified file. Wannan ba matsala ce ta rarraba Linux ba, sai dai tsarin diskin kama-da-wane VHD/VHDX na Windows baya aiki da kyau, WSL 2 ya gaza a yin rijistar rarraba, ƙirƙira/hawan ext4.vhdx.

Fara da mafi ƙaramin duba: aiwatar da gwajin New-VHD a PowerShell na admin (misali New-VHD -Path C:\test.vhdx -SizeBytes 1GB). Idan wannan umarnin ma ya ba da rahoton kuskure ɗaya, matsala 100% tana gefen Windows, ba ruwanta da rarraba ba.

Yi bincike da gyara bisa wannan tsari:

1. Sabis ɗin Virtual Disk baya gudana: buɗe services.msc, nemo sabis ɗin Virtual Disk, saita nau'in farawa zuwa "Automatic" sannan fara shi.

2. Ayyukan WSL / platform na injin kama-da-wane ba a kunna su ba (ko ba su yi tasiri ba): sake aiwatar da umarnin 1.3 Kunna Ayyukan Windows da suka Dace, sannan dole ne sake kunna tsarin. Sigar gida ta Windows ba ta da cikakken Hyper-V, amma WSL 2 yana buƙatar platform na injin kama-da-wane ne kawai, ba yanayin sarrafa Hyper-V ba.

3. Gobara/nab'ar diskin kama-da-wane ta ɓace: buɗe manajan na'urori, duba ko a cikin "System devices / Storage controllers" akwai:

   • Microsoft Virtual Disk Provider
   • Microsoft Virtual Drive Enumerator
   • Microsoft VHD Loopback Controller

   Idan sun ɓace, za ku iya ƙara su da hannu ta hdwwiz.exe (Storage controllers → Microsoft → Microsoft VHD Loopback Controller), kuma tabbatar da cewa ba a kashe sabis ɗin FsDepends ba.

4. Hoton da aka shigar ba ya cika buƙatun WSL ba: a lokacin amfani da wsl --import --vhd, VHDX dole ya zama tsarin fayil ext4; ba zai iya zama faifan LUKS ɗin da aka ɓoye, raw.img na yau da kullun, Live ISO ko faifan wofi da aka tsara da NTFS/FAT ba. .img / .qcow2 / .iso ba za a iya shigar da su kai tsaye ta wsl --import --vhd ba.

5. Matsalar hanya/izini/tsarin fayil: directory na manufa dole ya kasance a kan faifan NTFS (FAT32/exFAT ba ya aiki); guje wa haruffan Sinanci, sarari da alamomin musamman a hanya; kar a shigo daga faifan cibiyar sadarwa, OneDrive, ko ƙunƙunun directory; dole ne ku yi amfani da PowerShell na admin na gaske (ba terminal na yau da kullun ba).

6. Abubuwan tsarin sun lalace: aiwatar da DISM da SFC a jere don gyara abubuwan tsarin, sannan sake gwadawa:

   DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
   sfc /scannow

TIP

Injin kama-da-wane na wasu kamfanoni (VirtualBox, VMware) ko akwatin yashi/fasahar ƙarfafa software ɗin tsaro (kamar 360, Huorong) na iya tarwatsa ayyukan diskin kama-da-wane; a lokacin bincike za ku iya kashe su na ɗan lokaci kuma ku sake gwadawa.